Aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos do melanoma acral lentiginoso: uma revisão.
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Abstract
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare type of cutaneous melanoma, with high mortality in the general population. The clinical presentation is usually due to the progressive
appearance of an asymmetrical macula with irregular borders and a dark color (ranging from black to brown) on the skin. The most affected parts of the body are regions of the extremities, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, in addition to the nail bed and mucous membranes. Therefore, they are areas that are not commonly exposed to the sun, distancing the influence of ultraviolet radiation on the appearance of this type of cancer. The diagnosis is made through the clinical history of the patient, dermoscopy, histopathology of the lesion and through molecular tests. This type of diagnosis is considered challenging, especially in the early stages, when histopathological and clinical changes are minimal. In general, the treatment of MAL is similar to that of other cutaneous melanomas and consists of wide excision of the lesion to obtain adequate negative margins and appropriate staging, including sentinel lymph node mapping and selective lymphadenectomy, when appropriate. Therefore, given the importance of this type of melanoma, our group presents this literature review, bringing together aspects related to the diagnosis and treatment of ALM that have been discussed by different research centers in recent years. The main objective of this research is, therefore, to contribute to the medical discussion, compiling the most accepted and consolidated information about the disease.
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