Estratégias de quimioprevenção do câncer de pele não melanoma.
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Resumo
A incidência do câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM) vem aumentando no mundo todo. Buscando reduzir a incidência e a morbidade desses tumores, diversas estratégias de prevenção vêm sendo estudadas. A quimioprevenção do CPNM baseia-se no conceito de que tratamentos tópicos ou sistêmicos podem prevenir a progressão de lesões precursoras de carcinomas invasivos, estando direcionada a pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver esses tipos de cânceres. O presente artigo tem por objetivo revisar as substâncias tópicas e sistêmicas mais estudadas, atualmente, como estratégias de quimioprevenção para o CPNM. Esta revisão de literatura selecionou artigos e publicações relativas às terapêuticas tópicas e sistêmicas para a quimioprevenção do CPNM, publicados em inglês ou português, entre os anos de 2005 e 2022. As bases de dados utilizadas foram MEDLINE e LILACS. De cada artigo selecionado foram extraídas informações, que foram compiladas em uma planilha de análise, a qual foi utilizada para redigir a presente revisão. De acordo com os artigos selecionados, a quimioprevenção ao CPNM pode ser feita tanto por via tópica como por via oral. Dentre as modalidades tópicas destacam-se: a terapia fotodinâmica, o 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), o imiquimode e o diclofenaco de sódio. As substâncias sistêmicas mais relevantes, por sua vez, são a nicotinamida, os retinóides orais e os inibidores da ciclooxigenase. Esta revisão possibilitou concluir que a quimioprevenção do CPNM deve ser considerada em pacientes de alto risco. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para complementar as evidências dos agentes quimiopreventivos para a prevenção de CPNM.
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