Razões associadas ao uso do álcool na gestação: Uma revisão sistemática
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a public health issue associated with a range of adverse consequences for fetal development, particularly Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and its most severe form, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze studies related to these disorders, as well as the factors that justify alcohol use among pregnant women. A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed database using MeSH descriptors pertaining to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. Sixty-five articles published between 2017 and 2024 were included, excluding studies lacking relevant quantitative or qualitative results. The data were organized into four distinct categories for better understanding: Individual Beliefs, Cultural/Social Pressure, Counseling, and Circumstances of Pregnancy. It was found that alcohol consumption during gestation is
linked to sociocultural factors, myths, inadequate counseling, and psychosocial conditions such as low income, low education, interpersonal conflicts, and depression, among others. These findings underscore the necessity for clear and direct counseling for pregnant women, as well as the development of more precise guidelines and educational programs aimed at preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
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