Skin Phytotherapy and Pharmacological Aspects: a Brief Review
Barra lateral de artigos
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
Introduction: Phytotherapy is based on the use of medicinal plants and their plant derivatives for the treatment or symptomatic relief of numerous diseases, being a widely disseminated practice in the world. The skin, as the largest organ in the body, benefits from this therapeutic system in an important way. Thus, this review aimed to prospect the possible mechanisms of action of 12 medicinal plants that have cutaneous applications. Methods: The Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and Google Scholar/Google Scholar databases were used, where plants were searched by their scientific names (Aesculus hippocastanum; Aloe vera/Aloe vera barbadensis; Arnica montana; Libidibia férrea/Caesalpinia ferrea; Calendula officinalis; Cordia verbenacea/Cordia curassavica; Equinacea purpurea; Equisetum arvense; Lippia sidoides Cham./Lippia origanoides kunth; Malva sylvestris; Matricaria chamomilla L./Matricaria recutita L. e Stryphnodendron adstringens. Results: The mechanisms of action found establish a relationship with the presence of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids; terpenes, tannins, saponins, coumarins, quinones, acids and phenolic compounds, glycosides, carotenoids, mucilages, polysaccharides, conferring anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antioxidant and healing properties. Conclusion: The popular use of medicinal plants is aligned with the literature mechanism of action. However, each plant has it own action pathway and active principles, requiring specific studies to understand their molecules and function in other to validate and produce new medicines.
Detalhes do artigo
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Declaração de Direito Autoral - Proposta de Política para Periódicos de Acesso Livre
Autores que publicam no Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences (BJNS) concordam com os seguintes termos: 1 - Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Creative Commons Attribution License que permitindo o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista. 2 - Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. 3 - Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
Este é um artigo de acesso aberto sob a licença CC- BY
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
Referências
Ministério da Saúde. Práticas integrativas e complementares: plantas medicinais e fitoterapia na Atenção Básica/Ministério da Saúde. Cadernos de Atenção Básica 31. 2012. 156 p.
Colalto C. What phytotherapy needs: Evidence‐based guidelines for better clinical practice. Phyther Res. 2018;32(3):413–25.
Leite PM, Camargos LM, Castilho RO. Recent progress in phytotherapy: A Brazilian perspective. Eur J Integr Med [Internet]. 2021;41:101270.
Rós A de S, Santos CHM dos, Dourado DM, Silva-Neto MS da, Caldeira I, Furtado L de O. Can stryphnodendron adstringens extract improve the results of fistulotomy followed by primary sphincteroplasty in the treatment of transsphincteric fistulae? ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig (São Paulo). 2020;33.
Diegel KL, Danilenko DM, Wojcinski ZW. The integumentary system. Fundam Toxicol Pathol. 2018;791–822.
Murphree RW. Impairments in skin integrity. Nurs Clin. 2017;52(3):405–17.
Prado AM, Maia BMC, Ueta MT, Cabral FJ. How much epigenetics and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping tell us about parasitism maintenance and resistance/susceptibility to hosts. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis Dis. 2021;1867(11):166214.
Mikaili P, Sharifi M, Sarahroodi S. Medicinal trees and shrubs introduced and cultivated in Iran: a pharmacological approach. Adv Environ Biol. 2012;6(1):183–9.
FABRIS FE, Amorim P, Watanabe E. Eficácia de um creme redutor de gordura e medidas na redução de perimetria abdominal: um estudo de caso. Acadêmica do curso Cosmetol e estética da Univ do Val do itajai, UNIVALI, Balneário Camboriú, St Catarina. 2009;
Matsuda H, Li Y, Murakami T, NINOMIYA K, YAMAHARA J, YOSHIKAWA M. Effects of escins Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb from horse chestnut, the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L., on acute inflammation in animals. Biol Pharm Bull. 1997;20(10):1092–5.
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Farmacopeia Brasileira. Formulário de Fitoterápicos. 2° Edição. Brasília, GO. 2021. 223 p.
de Paulo Pereira L, da Silva RO, Bringel PH de SF, da Silva KES, Assreuy AMS, Pereira MG. Polysaccharide fractions of Caesalpinia ferrea pods: potential anti-inflammatory usage. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;139(2):642–8.
Venâncio GN, Rodrigues IC, Souza TP de, Marreiro R de O, Bandeira MFCL, Conde NC de O. Herbal mouthwash based on Libidibia ferrea: microbiological control, sensory characteristics, sedimentation, pH and density. Rev Odontol da UNESP. 2015;44:118–24
Batista EKF, da Trindade HI, Farias I dos S, Martins FMM, Filho OF da S, Batista M do C de S. Avaliação da atividade cicatrizante de preparados à base de jucá (Caesalpinia ferrea Mart.). Arch Vet Sci. 2017;22(3):30–9.
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Memento Fitoterápico da Farmacopeia Brasileira. 2016;1–114.
Preethi KC, Kuttan G, Kuttan R. Anti-inflammatory activity of flower extract of Calendula officinalis Linn. and its possible mechanism of action. Indian J Exp Biol. 2009 Feb;47(2):113–20.
Efstratiou E, Hussain AI, Nigam PS, Moore JE, Ayub MA, Rao JR. Antimicrobial activity of Calendula officinalis petal extracts against fungi, as well as Gram-negative and Gram-positive clinical pathogens. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012 Aug;18(3):173–6.
Szakiel A, Ruszkowski D, Grudniak A, Kurek A, Wolska KI, Doligalska M, et al. Antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of oleanolic acid and its glycosides isolated from marigold (Calendula officinalis). Planta Med. 2008 Nov;74(14):1709–15.
Cecília V, Nunes K, Augusto R, Deuschle N, Rocha M, Athayde ML. antioxidant, and photo-protective capacities of topical formulations containing Calendula officinalis L . leaf extract. 2015;51.
Nicolaus C, Junghanns S, Hartmann A, Murillo R, Ganzera M, Merfort I. In vitro studies to evaluate the wound healing properties of Calendula officinalis extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Jan;196:94–103.
Medeiros R, Passos GF, Vitor CE, Koepp J, Mazzuco TL, Pianowski LF, et al. Effect of two active compounds obtained from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea on the acute inflammatory responses elicited by LPS in the rat paw. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(5):618–27.
Gilbert B, Favoreto R. Cordia verbenacea DC Boraginaceae. Rev Fitos [Internet]. 2013;7(01):17–25. Available from: http://revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br/index.php/revista-fitos/article/view/133
de Carvalho PMJ, Rodrigues RFO, Sawaya ACHF, Marques MOM, Shimizu MT. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cordiaverbenacea D.C. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2–3):297–301.
Perini JA, Angeli-Gamba T, Alessandra-Perini J, Ferreira LC, Nasciutti LE, Machado DE. Topical application of Acheflan on rat skin injury accelerates wound healing: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 Jun;15:203.
Manayi A, Vazirian M, Saeidnia S. Echinacea purpurea: Pharmacology, phytochemistry and analysis methods. Pharmacogn Rev. 2015;9(17):63–72.
Raduner S, Majewska A, Chen J-Z, Xie X-Q, Hamon J, Faller B, et al. Alkylamides from Echinacea are a new class of cannabinomimetics. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor-dependent and -independent immunomodulatory effects. J Biol Chem. 2006 May;281(20):14192–206.
Gründemann C, Lengen K, Sauer B, Garcia-Käufer M, Zehl M, Huber R. Equisetum arvense (common horsetail) modulates the function of inflammatory immunocompetent cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14(1):4–13.
Pallag A, Filip GA, Olteanu D, Clichici S, Baldea I, Jurca T, et al. Equisetum arvense L. Extract Induces Antibacterial Activity and Modulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Endothelial Vascular Cells Exposed to Hyperosmotic Stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:3060525.
Mimica-Dukic N, Simin N, Cvejic J, Jovin E, Orcic D, Bozin B. Phenolic compounds in field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) as natural antioxidants. Molecules. 2008 Jul;13(7):1455–64.
Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira ICFR. Leaves, flowers, immature fruits and leafy flowered stems of Malva sylvestris: a comparative study of the nutraceutical potential and composition. Food Chem Toxicol an Int J Publ Br Ind Biol Res Assoc. 2010 Jun;48(6):1466–72.
Gasparetto JC, Martins CAF, Hayashi SS, Otuky MF, Pontarolo R. Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012 Feb;64(2):172–89.
BRASIL. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). RESOLUÇÃO - RDC No 10, DE 9 DE MARÇO DE 2010. Dispõe sobre a notificação de drogas vegetais junto à Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) e dá outras providências. 2010;1–11.
Benso B, Franchin M, Massarioli AP, Paschoal JAR, Alencar SM, Franco GCN, et al. Anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastogenic and antioxidant effects of malva sylvestris extract and fractions: In vitro and in vivo studies. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):1–19.
Martins CAF, Weffort-Santos AM, Gasparetto JC, Trindade ACLB, Otuki MF, Pontarolo R. Malva sylvestris L. extract suppresses desferrioxamine-induced PGE₂ and PGD₂ release in differentiated U937 cells: the development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for prostaglandin quantification. Biomed Chromatogr. 2014 Jul;28(7):986–93.
Martins CAF, Campos ML, Irioda AC, Stremel DP, Trindade ACLB, Pontarolo R. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Malva sylvestris, Sida cordifolia, and Pelargonium graveolens Is Related to Inhibition of Prostanoid Production. Molecules. 2017 Nov;22(11).
Prudente AS, Loddi AM V, Duarte MR, Santos ARS, Pochapski MT, Pizzolatti MG, et al. Pre-clinical anti-inflammatory aspects of a cuisine and medicinal millennial herb: Malva sylvestris L. Food Chem Toxicol an Int J Publ Br Ind Biol Res Assoc. 2013 Aug;58:324–31.
Pirbalouti AG, Azizi S, Koohpayeh A, Hamedi B. Wound healing activity of Malva sylvestris and Punica granatum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Acta Pol Pharm. 2010;67(5):511–6.
Barikbin B, Maarefat A, Rahgoshai R, Moravvej H, Mohtasham N, Yousefi M. Malva Sylvestris in the treatment of hand eczema. Iran J Dermatology. 2010;13(4):131–4.
Miguel FG, Cavalheiro AH, Spinola NF, Ribeiro DL, Barcelos GRM, Antunes LMG, et al. Validation of a RP-HPLC-DAD Method for Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Preparations and Assessment of the Marker, Apigenin-7-glucoside, Safety and Anti-Inflammatory Effect. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:828437.
Kim S, Jung E, Kim J-H, Park Y-H, Lee J, Park D. Inhibitory effects of (-)-α-bisabolol on LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol an Int J Publ Br Ind Biol Res Assoc. 2011 Oct;49(10):2580–5.
Das S, Horváth B, Šafranko S, Jokić S, Széchenyi A, Kőszegi T. Antimicrobial Activity of Chamomile Essential Oil: Effect of Different Formulations. Molecules. 2019 Nov;24(23).
Al-Dabbagh B, Elhaty IA, Elhaw M, Murali C, Al Mansoori A, Awad B, et al. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). BMC Res Notes [Internet]. 2019;12(1):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3960-y
Nunes GP, Silva MF da, Resende UM, Siqueira JM de. Plantas medicinais comercializadas por raizeiros no Centro de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2003;13(2):1–9.
de Carvalho JT, Henao Agudelo JS, Baldivia DDS, Carollo CA, Silva DB, de Picoli Souza K, et al. Hydroethanolic stem bark extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens impair M1 macrophages and promote M2 polarization. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2020;254:112684. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112684
Hernandes L, da Silva Pereira LM, Palazzo F, de Mello JCP. Wound-healing evaluation of ointment from stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) in rat skin. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 2010;46(3):431–6.
Pinto SCG, Bueno FG, Panizzon GP, Morais G, Dos Santos PVP, Baesso ML, et al. Stryphnodendron adstringens: Clarifying Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Planta Med. 2015 Aug;81(12–13):1090–6.
Moriyama M, Moriyama H, Uda J, Kubo H, Nakajima Y, Goto A, et al. Beneficial Effects of the Genus Aloe on Wound Healing, Cell Proliferation, and Differentiation of Epidermal Keratinocytes. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016 Oct 13;11(10):e0164799. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164799
Liu F-W, Liu F-C, Wang Y-R, Tsai H-I, Yu H-P. Aloin Protects Skin Fibroblasts from Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage by Regulating the Oxidative Defense System. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015 Dec 4;10(12):e0143528. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143528
Wahedi HM, Jeong M, Chae JK, Do SG, Yoon H, Kim SY. Aloesin from Aloe vera accelerates skin wound healing by modulating MAPK/Rho and Smad signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine. 2017 May;28:19–26.
Atik N, Iwan A. R. J. PERBEDAAN EFEK PEMBERIAN TOPIKAL GEL LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) DENGAN SOLUSIO POVIDONE IODINE TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA KULIT MENCIT (Mus musculus). Maj Kedokt Bandung. 2009;41(2):29–36.
Brandão ML, Reis PRM, Araújo LA de, Araújo ACV, Santos MH de AS, Miguel MP. Evaluation of wound healing treated with latex derived from rubber trees and Aloe Vera extract in rats. Acta Cir Bras. 2016 Sep;31(9):570–7.
Oryan A, Mohammadalipour A, Moshiri A, Tabandeh MR. Topical Application of Aloe vera Accelerated Wound Healing, Modeling, and Remodeling: An Experimental Study. Ann Plast Surg. 2016 Jan;77(1):37–46.
Takzaree N, Hadjiakhondi A, Hassanzadeh G, Rouini MR, Manayi A, Zolbin MM. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation in cutaneous wounds after topical application of aloe vera gel. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 Dec;94(12):1285–90.
Prakoso YA, Kurniasih. The Effects of Aloe vera Cream on the Expression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) Lymphocytes in Skin Wound Healing. J Trop Med. 2018;2018:6218303.
Hekmatpou D, Mehrabi F, Rahzani K, Aminiyan A. The effect of Aloe Vera gel on prevention of pressure ulcers in patients hospitalized in the orthopedic wards: a randomized triple-blind clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Sep;18(1):264.
Irani PS, Varaie S. Comparison of the Effect of Aloe Vera Gel and Nitrofurazone 2% on Epithelialization and Granulation Tissue Formation Regarding Superficial Second-Degree Burns. Iran J Med Sci. 2016 May;41(3 Suppl):S3.
Molazem Z, Mohseni F, Younesi M, Keshavarzi S. Aloe vera gel and cesarean wound healing; a randomized controlled clinical trial. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;7(1):203–9.
Burusapat C, Supawan M, Pruksapong C, Pitiseree A, Suwantemee C. Topical Aloe Vera Gel for Accelerated Wound Healing of Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor Sites: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial and Systematic Review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Jul;142(1):217–26.
Kriplani P, Guarve K, Baghael US. Arnica montana L. - a plant of healing: review. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Aug;69(8):925–45.
Carvalho, S. C. D; Leitão D. P. S; Santos, L. A.; Pavan, J.; Zacarias, C. A.; Andrade, T. A. M.; Santos, J. M. T; Theodoro, V.; Esquisatto MAM. Microcorrente e Arnica montana na cicatrização em ratos. Rev Ensaios Pioneiros. 2020;3(1):37–46.
da Silva Prade J, Bálsamo EC, Machado FR, Poetini MR, Bortolotto VC, Araújo SM, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of Arnica montana in a UVB radiation-induced skin-burn model in mice. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2020 Jun;39(2):126–33.
Teixeira CS. Hamamelis virginiana: composição fitoquímica, usos na medicina tradicional, propriedades biológicas e toxicologia Experiência Profissionalizante na vertente de Farmácia Comunitária e Investigação. 2019.
Reuter J, Wölfle U, Weckesser S, Schempp C. Welche pflanze für welche hauterkrankung? Teil 1: Atopische dermatitis, psoriasis, akne, kondylome und herpes simplex. JDDG - J Ger Soc Dermatology. 2010;8(10):788–96.
Reuter J, Wölfle U, Korting HC, Schempp C. Welche Pflanze für welche Hauterkrankung? Teil 2: Dermatophyten, chronisch-venöse Insuffizienz, Photoprotektion, aktinische Keratosen, Vitiligo, Haarausfall, kosmetische Indikationen. JDDG - J Ger Soc Dermatology. 2010;8(11):866–73.
Souza LM De. Flavonoides Totais, Atividade Antioxidante E Variação Sazonal Da Composição Química Do Óleo Essencial De Alecrim-Pimenta (Lippia origanoides Kunth.). In 2015. p. 166 f. Available from: https://repositorio.ufmg.br/handle/1843/NCAP-9XXHP9%0Ainternal-pdf://0.0.0.175/NCAP-9XXHP9.html
Misir J, H. Brishti F, M. Hoque M. Aloe vera gel as a Novel Edible Coating for Fresh Fruits: A Review. Am J Food Sci Technol. 2014;2(3):93–7.
Chicca A, Raduner S, Pellati F, Strompen T, Altmann K-H, Schoop R, et al. Synergistic immunomopharmacological effects of N-alkylamides in Echinacea purpurea herbal extracts. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Jul;9(7–8):850–8.
Silva FME. Potencial Antifúngico De Extratos De Plantas Medicinais Do Cerrado Brasileiro. Dissertação de Mestrado. 2008.
Ishida K, de Mello JCP, Cortez DAG, Filho BPD, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV. Influence of tannins from Stryphnodendron adstringens on growth and virulence factors of Candida albicans. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Nov;58(5):942–9.
Gallelli L. Escin: a review of its anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, and venotonic properties. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019;13:3425–37.
Rothkopf M, Vogel G. [New findings on the efficacy and mode of action of the horse chestnut saponin escin]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976 Feb;26(2):225–35.
Chaves JS, Leal PC, Pianowisky L, Calixto JB. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the sesquiterpene alpha-humulene in mice. Planta Med. 2008 Nov;74(14):1678–83.
Veras HNH, Araruna MKA, Costa JGM, Coutinho HDM, Kerntopf MR, Botelho MA, et al. Topical antiinflammatory activity of essential oil of Lippia sidoides cham: possible mechanism of action. Phytother Res. 2013 Feb;27(2):179–85.
de Morais SR, Oliveira TLS, de Oliveira LP, Tresvenzol LMF, da Conceição EC, Rezende MH, et al. Essential Oil Composition, Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Activities of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) From São Gonçalo do Abaeté, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pharmacogn Mag. 2016;12(48):262–70.
Oláh A, Szabó-Papp J, Soeberdt M, Knie U, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Abels C, et al. Echinacea purpurea-derived alkylamides exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects and alleviate clinical symptoms of atopic eczema. J Dermatol Sci. 2017 Oct;88(1):67–77.
Korting HC, Schäfer-Korting M, Hart H, Laux P, Schmid M. Anti-inflammatory activity of hamamelis distillate applied topically to the skin. Influence of vehicle and dose. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;44(4):315–8.
Duwiejua M, Zeitlin IJ, Waterman PG, Gray AI. Anti-inflammatory activity of Polygonum bistorta, Guaiacum officinale and Hamamelis virginiana in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;46(4):286–90.
Ramos MFDS, Santos EP, Silva AB, Leitão AC, Dellamora-Ortiz GM. Avaliação fototoxica e screening mutagênico de extratos de propolis, Aloe spp. e Hamamelis virginiana. Rev Ciencias Farm Basica e Apl. 2005;26(2):105–11.