Comparative analyzes of physical activity, anthropometry and lipid profile between obese individuals with metabolically healthy and unhealthy profiles
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Obesity is currently considered one of the main public health problems and is associated with the development of other chronic pathologies and metabolic abnormalities, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypertension and dyslipidemias. However, there is a subset of individuals, called metabolically healthy obese (WHO), who, although overweight, do not manifest these other characteristic metabolic abnormalities. The practice of physical exercise is essential in controlling obesity, and its absence or insufficient practice can lead to increased morbidity/mortality, not only being associated with weight gain. Thus, we sought to compare the anthropometric, cardiovascular and lipid profiles of metabolically abnormal obese individuals (AOM) and metabolically healthy obese individuals, as well as to compare the practice of physical activity between these groups, to understand whether these profiles are more favorable in the group WHO, regardless of excess body fat, and whether this group is more physically active, reducing the risk of CVDs. For this, we conducted a study with volunteers of both sexes, aged ≥ 18 years and BMI > 25Kg/m2. We analyzed the practice of physical activity (IPAQ) and blood test, evaluating the lipid profile (total cholesterol and fractions, and triglycerides). Comparisons between variables were established using the T test, Pearson's correlation and the Chi-square test for parametric results, using p≤ 0.05. Less than half of the individuals declared themselves hypertensive and revealed to be dyslipidemic. The average BMI classified them in the obesity grade 1 (one) group, however, there were differences between measurements and anthropometric indices, cardiac and lipid profiles and the regularity of the practice of physical activity in both groups. Thus, we conclude that the WHO group presented more favorable profiles in relation to the AOM group, and are physically more active, which may be the factors that characterize and contribute to the development of a more favorable phenotype.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Statement - Policy Proposal for Open Access Journals
Authors who publish in the Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences (BJNS) agree to the following terms: 1 - Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License allowing sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal. 2 - Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. 3 - Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes, as well as increase the impact and citation of published work. This is an open access article under the CC-BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
References
Melo ME. Doenças desencadeadas ou agravadas pela obesidade. Associação Brasileira para o Estudo de Obesidade e da Síndrome Metabólica – ABESO. [citado em 5 maio 2011]. Disponível em: http://www.abeso.orgs.br/uploads/downloads/28/5521afaf13cb9.pdf.
Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz. Tratamento da obesidade. [Internet] Centro Especializado em Obesidades e Diabetes. 2016. Disponível em: http://centrodeobesidadeediabetes.org.br/tudo-sobre-obesidade/tratamento-da-obesidade/.
Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. I Diretriz Brasileira de Prevenção Cardiovascular. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 2013;101(6).
Filho FFR. Gordura visceral e síndrome metabólica: mais que uma simples associação. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 2006;50:2.
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde. Vigitel - Brasil 2018: Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde, 2018[acesso em set 2019]. Disponível em: http://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2019/julho/25/vigitel-brasil-2018.pdf.
Primeau V, Coderre L, Karelis AD, Brochu M, Lavoie ME, Messier V et al. Characterizing the profile of obese patients who are metabolically healthy. International Journey of Obesity, 2011;35:971-981.
Karelis, AD. Clinical markers for the identification of metabolically healthy but obese individuals. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2004;6:456-7.
Karelis AD, St-Pierre DH, Conus F, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Poehlman ET. Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity: what do we know? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89:2569-75.
Kerelis AD. Metabolically healthy but obese individuals. The Lancet, 2008;372:1281-3.
Muñoz-Garach A, Cornejo-Pareja I, Tinahones FJ. Does metabolically healthy obesity exist? Nutrients, 2016;(8)6: 320.
Roberson L, Aneni E, Maziak W, Agatston A, Feldman T, Rouseff M, et al. Beyond BMI: The "Metabolically healthy obese" phenotype & its association with clinical/subclinical cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality - A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1-12.
Boonchaya-Anant P, Apovian CM. Metabolically healthy obesity - does it exist?. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2014;1-9.
Brochu M, Tchernof A, Dionne IJ, Sites CA, Eltabbakh GH, Sims EAH et al. What are the physical characteristics associated with a normal metabolic profile despite a high level of obesity in postmenopausal women? The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Society. 2001; 86(3):1020-25.
Karelis AD, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Can we identify metabolically healthy but obese indivuals (MHO)? Diabets Metabo. 2004;30:569-72.
Wildman RP, Mntiner P, Reynolds K, et al. The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering: prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among US population. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1617- 24.
Karelis AD, Faraj M, Bastard JP, St-Pierre DH, Brochu M, Prud'homme D, et al. The metabolically healthy but obese individual presents a favorable inflammation profile. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2005; 90(7):4145-50.
Guhold R, Stevens AG, Riley F, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1•9 million participants. The Lancet, 2018; 6:1079-82.
Mello MT, Boscolo RA, Esteves AM, Tufik S. O exercício físico e os aspectos psicobiológicos. Ver Bras Med Esporte. 2005;11:203-7.
Fett CA, Fett WCR, Marchini JS, Ribeiro RPP. Estilo de vida e fatores de risco associados ao aumento da gordura corporal de mulheres. Ciências & Saúde Coletiva, 2010;15(1):131- 40.
Pereira-Lancha LO, Campos-Ferraz PL, Junior AHL. Obesity: considerations about etiology, metabolism, and the use of experimental models. Diabets, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2012;5:75-87.
Santana GJ, Silva NJ, Costa JO, Vázquez CMP, Silva DG, Barbosa KBF. Comparação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal e o percentual de gordura como indicadores do risco cardiometabólico. Health Sci inst. 2015; 33(1):63-8.
Deprés JP, Lemieux I, Bergeron J, Pibarot P, Mathieu P, Larose E, et al. Abdominal obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Contribuition to global Cardiometabolic Risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;1039-49.
Oliveira MAM, Fagundes RLM, Moreira EAM, Trindade EBSM, Carvalho T. Relação de indicadores antropométricos com fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular. Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia; 2008.
Ministério da Saúde [Internet]. IMC em adultos. [citado em 30 mai 2017]. Disponível em: https://www.saude.gov.br/component/content/article/804-imc/40509-imc-em-adultos.
Dórea EL, Lotufo PA. Framingham Heart Study e a teoria do contínuo de Pickering: duas contribuições da epidemiologia para a associação entre pressão arterial e doença cardiovascular. Ver Bras Hipertens. 2001;8(2):195-9.
Zhang Y, Gu Y, Zhao Q, Ng N, Wang R, Zhou x, et al. Association between anthropometric indicators of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors among adults in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1035-43.
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) [Internet]. Doenças cardiovasculares, 2017 [acesso em mar 2020]. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/bra/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5253:doenca s-cardiovasculares&Itemid=1096.
Fuchs SC, Biolo A, Polanczyk CA. Epidemiologia cardiovascular: o legado de sólidos estudosnacionais e internacionais. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 2013;101(2).
Mongraw-Chaffin M, Foster MC, Anderson CAM, Burke GL, Haq N, Kalayani RR et al. Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risck. Journal ofthe American College of Cardiology. 2018; 71: 1857-65.
Oliveira JEP, Junior RMM, Vencio S. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2017-2018. São Paulo; Editora Clannad, 2017.
Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. VII Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial. Arq BrasCardiol. 2017; 24(1).
Ortega FB, Lee DC, Katzmarzyk PT, Ruiz JR, Sui X, Church TS et al. The intriguing metabolically healthy but obese phenotype: cardiovascular prognosis and role of fitness. European Heart Journal, 2013; 34: 389-7.