Anosmia pós-Covid-19: é possível voltar a sentir o perfume das flores?
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Introdução: Durante a pandemia causada pelo COVID-19 ficou evidente o dano causado no epitélio olfatório pelo SARS-CoV-2, resultando em anosmia transitória ou permanente. Recentes estudos mostram a possibilidade da regeneração do epitélio olfatório danificado pelo vírus, resultando na recuperação do olfato, um sentido de grande importância para o comportamento humano e para a qualidade de vida. No entanto, quais as técnicas mais utilizadas e os resultados alcançados não estão elucidados. Objetivo: Descrever os tratamentos para a anosmia após a Covid-19. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa com busca de artigos publicados na íntegra nas bases de dados Cochrane library e PubMed. A literatura científica em língua inglesa de janeiro de 2020 até setembro de 2024 foi sistematicamente analisada com a finalidade de identificar os artigos que investiguem os tratamentos utilizados na recuperação da anosmia de pacientes, bem como aqueles com maior potencial de recuperação do olfato. Os descritores, “Covid-19”, “anosmia” e “treatment” foram usados. Foram incluídos apenas artigos originais qualitativos, quantitativos e de múltiplos métodos em humanos. Resultados: Foram recuperados 222 artigos completos. Os artigos que não relatavam o tratamento, estavam em duplicata, ou utilizaram tratamentos preventivos para a Covid-19 foram desconsiderados, restando 39 artigos. A maior parte dos estudos utilizou corticoides (31%); ácidos graxos (21%), agentes quelantes (18%) e antimicrobianos (3%) para recuperar a olfação. Diversos países conduziram estudos no tratamento da anosmia pós-Covid, com o Egito encabeçando 28% dos estudos. Conclusão: Houve um ganho na quantidade de artigos científicos após o surgimento da COVID-19, principalmente sobre a recuperação do olfato utilizando a terapia com corticoides, agentes quelantes e antimicrobianos. Assim, a recuperação do olfato é possível na maioria dos casos, principalmente utilizando os ácidos graxos, agentes quelantes e antimicrobianos e voltar a sentir o cheiro das flores é uma possibilidade.
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